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Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner (7 September 1913, Vinnytsia – 6 April 2004, Rehovot) ((ロシア語:Александр Яковлевич Лернер)), scientist and Soviet refusenik. == Biography == Alexander Lerner was born to a Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). Lerner graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1938, and received a Ph.D. from the same institution in 1940. During the World War II, Lerner served as the chief engineer of the Central Autonomous Laboratory at the Soviet Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy in Moscow. Lerner became a member of the Soviet scientific and technological elite. He was a leading practitioner of cybernetics. It is a branch of science that deals with human control systems like the brain and nervous systems where they interconnect with complex electronic systems. Also, his mathematical equations were used in forecasting supply and demand for vital materials like steel, or allocating scarce resources. Lerner was the first prominent Soviet scientist to seek to emigrate to Israel. His request was denied, and resulted in the sudden loss of his positions and privileges. In 1977, a letter was published in the Soviet newspaper ''Izvestiya'' calling Lerner "the leader of an espionage nest." His closest associates in the refusenik movement — Natan Sharansky, Vladimir Slepak and Ida Nudel — were arrested. He was finally granted an exit permit and emigrated to Israel on Jan. 27, 1988, together with his son, daughter-in-law and granddaughter. Lerner accepted an appointment in the mathematics department at the Weizmann Institute of Science where he pursued a number of projects, including the development of an artificial heart and the construction of a mathematical model to predict the behavior of developed societies. Lerner died in 2004 in Rehovot at the age of 90. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Lerner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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